Why is My Fiddle Leaf Fig Dropping Leaves? An In-Depth Guide

Last Updated on June 22, 2023 by Kimberly Crawford

Fiddle leaf figs, scientifically known as Ficus lyrata, have become increasingly popular as indoor plants due to their stunning, large leaves and unique growth patterns.

These tropical plants not only enhance the aesthetics of any living space but also help purify the air. However, despite their beauty, fiddle leaf fig owners often face a common issue – leaf drop. This can be alarming, especially for those who are new to plant care.

In this article, we will explore the various reasons behind leaf drop in fiddle leaf figs and provide helpful tips on how to prevent and address this issue. By understanding the causes and implementing proper care techniques, you can ensure that your fiddle leaf fig remains healthy and vibrant.

1. Overwatering

Overwatering is one of the most common reasons for leaf drop in fiddle leaf figs.

When you provide too much water to your plant, it can lead to root rot, a fungal disease that damages the roots and inhibits their ability to absorb water and nutrients.

As a result, the plant becomes stressed and starts shedding leaves as a survival mechanism.

Signs of overwatering in fiddle leaf figs include:

1. Yellowing leaves, especially at the bottom of the plant
2. Soft, mushy, or blackened roots
3. A foul smell coming from the soil
4. Mold or fungus growth on the soil surface

To diagnose the issue, carefully remove the plant from its pot and examine the roots. Healthy roots should be white or light tan and firm to the touch. If you observe any signs of root rot, you’ll need to address the problem immediately.

Here are some tips on proper watering techniques for fiddle leaf figs:

1. Water only when needed: Wait until the top 1-2 inches of soil feel dry to the touch before watering your plant. This can vary depending on factors like temperature, humidity, and light exposure, so it’s essential to monitor your plant’s specific needs.
2. Use well-draining soil: Choose a high-quality potting mix that contains perlite or other drainage-enhancing materials to prevent water from pooling around the roots.
3. Ensure proper drainage: Use a pot with drainage holes and consider adding a layer of pebbles or gravel at the bottom to further improve drainage.
4. Water thoroughly: When watering, make sure to saturate the entire root ball. Allow excess water to drain out of the pot, and never let your plant sit in standing water.

2. Underwatering

While overwatering is a common issue, underwatering can also cause leaf drops in fiddle leaf figs. As tropical plants, they require consistent moisture to maintain their health and growth. Insufficient water can lead to dehydration, causing the plant to shed leaves in an attempt to conserve water.

Signs of underwatering in fiddle leaf figs include:

1. Dry, crispy leaves, often starting at the edges
2. Drooping or wilting leaves, even after watering
3. Slow growth or stunted development
4. Leaves that are dull or lose their vibrant color

To diagnose the issue, check the soil moisture regularly by feeling the top 1-2 inches of soil. If it consistently feels dry and you observe any of the signs mentioned above, your plant may be underwatered.

Here are some recommendations for adjusting your watering schedule to prevent leaf drop due to underwatering:

1. Monitor soil moisture: Use your finger or a moisture meter to check the soil moisture regularly. Water your plant when the top 1-2 inches of soil feel dry to the touch.
2. Establish a consistent watering schedule: Depending on factors like temperature, humidity, and light exposure, your fiddle leaf fig may require watering every 7-10 days. Keep track of your plant’s needs and adjust the schedule accordingly.
3. Adjust watering frequency seasonally: Fiddle leaf figs typically require more water during the warmer months and less water during the cooler months. Be mindful of seasonal changes and adjust your watering routine as needed.
4. Ensure proper humidity: Fiddle leaf figs thrive in humidity levels between 40-65%. Use a humidifier or place a tray of water near your plant to increase humidity, especially during the winter months when indoor air tends to be drier.

3. Inadequate Light

Sunlight plays a crucial role in the health of fiddle leaf figs, as it provides the energy required for photosynthesis – the process through which plants convert light into food.

Without adequate light, your fiddle leaf fig will struggle to produce the energy it needs to grow and maintain its overall health, leading to leaf drop.

Symptoms of insufficient light exposure in fiddle leaf figs include:

1. Leggy or spindly growth with long spaces between leaves
2. Small, underdeveloped leaves
3. Leaves that are pale green or yellow, rather than a vibrant green
4. Slow or halted growth

To ensure your fiddle leaf fig receives the right amount of light, follow these tips:

1. Choose the right location: Place your fiddle leaf fig near a bright, east- or west-facing window that receives plenty of indirect sunlight. Avoid direct sunlight, as it can scorch the leaves.
2. Rotate your plant: To encourage even growth and prevent your plant from leaning towards the light source, rotate your fiddle leaf fig every few weeks.
3. Clean the leaves: Dust and dirt can accumulate on the large leaves of your fiddle leaf fig, reducing the amount of light they can absorb. Gently wipe the leaves with a damp cloth regularly to keep them clean and maximize light absorption.
4. Consider supplemental lighting: If your home doesn’t provide enough natural light, you can use a grow light to supplement your plant’s light needs. Choose a full-spectrum LED light and place it 2-3 feet above your plant, leaving it on for 12-14 hours per day.

4. Temperature and Humidity

Temperature and humidity are essential factors that can impact the health of fiddle leaf figs.

These tropical plants are sensitive to changes in their environment, and maintaining the right conditions is crucial for their well-being.

Effects of temperature and humidity on fiddle leaf figs include:

1. Fluctuations in temperature and humidity can cause stress, leading to leaf drop.
2. Low humidity levels can result in dry, crispy leaves and increased vulnerability to pests.
3. Exposure to cold drafts or sudden temperature drops can cause leaves to turn brown and fall off.

Ideal temperature and humidity levels for healthy fiddle leaf figs are:

1. Temperature: Fiddle leaf figs prefer a consistent temperature between 65-75°F (18-24°C) during the day and 60-65°F (15-18°C) at night. Avoid exposing your plant to temperatures below 55°F (13°C), as this can lead to cold stress and leaf drop.
2. Humidity: Fiddle leaf figs thrive in humidity levels between 40-65%. Higher humidity levels can help prevent leaf drop and create an optimal environment for growth.

To maintain proper temperature and humidity for your fiddle leaf fig, follow these tips:

1. Keep away from drafts: Place your plant away from drafty windows, doors, or air vents to protect it from sudden temperature changes.
2. Avoid direct heat sources: Keep your fiddle leaf fig away from radiators or heating vents, as the dry heat can cause the leaves to dry out and drop.
3. Use a humidifier: Maintain adequate humidity levels by using a humidifier in the room where your plant is located. This is especially important during winter months when indoor air can be much drier.
4. Create a humidity tray: Fill a shallow tray with pebbles and water, placing your plant’s pot on top of the pebbles. As the water evaporates, it will increase the humidity around your plant.
5. Mist your plant: Regularly misting your fiddle leaf fig can help maintain humidity levels. However, be cautious not to overdo it, as excessive moisture on the leaves can lead to fungal issues.

5. Pests and Diseases

Pests and diseases can cause significant harm to fiddle leaf figs, leading to leaf drop and overall decline in plant health.

By identifying and treating these issues promptly, you can prevent further damage and ensure the well-being of your plant.

Common pests and diseases that can cause leaf drop in fiddle leaf figs include:

1. Spider mites: These tiny pests feed on the sap of your plant’s leaves, causing them to turn yellow and eventually fall off. Look for fine webbing on the undersides of leaves as a sign of infestation.
2. Aphids: Small, green or black insects that cluster on new growth and feed on plant sap, causing distorted leaves and leaf drops.
3. Mealybugs: White, cottony masses that feed on plant sap and excrete a sticky substance called honeydew, which can lead to mold growth and leaf drop.
4. Scale insects: Hard, immobile insects that attach themselves to stems and leaves, feeding on plant sap and causing leaves to yellow and drop.
5. Root rot: A fungal disease caused by overwatering, resulting in mushy, discolored roots and leaf drops.

To identify and treat these issues, follow these steps:

1. Inspect your plant regularly: Check your fiddle leaf fig for signs of pests or diseases every week to catch any problems early.
2. Isolate infected plants: If you notice an infestation or disease, separate the affected plant from other houseplants to prevent spreading.
3. Treat with insecticidal soap or neem oil: For most pest infestations, treat your plant with a gentle insecticidal soap or neem oil solution, following the label instructions. Repeat treatments may be necessary to eliminate the pests completely.
4. Prune damaged leaves and stems: Remove any heavily infested or diseased leaves and stems to help your plant recover more quickly.
5. Treat root rot: If you suspect root rot, remove your plant from its pot, trim away any affected roots, and repot using fresh, well-draining soil. Adjust your watering habits to prevent future occurrences.

Preventative measures to keep your fiddle leaf fig healthy include:

1. Maintain proper watering, light, and humidity conditions: A healthy plant is less susceptible to pests and diseases. Ensure your fiddle leaf fig receives the appropriate care to keep it in optimal health.
2. Clean your plant’s leaves: Regularly wipe the leaves with a damp cloth to remove dust and dirt, which can attract pests.
3. Inspect new plants: Before introducing new plants to your home, carefully inspect them for any signs of pests or diseases.
4. Use preventive treatments: Apply neem oil or other organic pest control solutions periodically as a preventive measure, following the label instructions.

6. Transplant Shock

Transplant shock is a common issue that occurs when a plant experiences stress during the repotting process.

The disturbance of the root system, change in the growing environment, and adjustment to new soil can all contribute to transplant shock.

In fiddle leaf figs, this can lead to leaf drop, wilting, or slowed growth as the plant struggles to adapt to its new conditions.

To minimize transplant shock when repotting your fiddle leaf fig, follow these tips:

1. Choose the right time: The best time to repot fiddle leaf figs is during their active growth period, typically in spring or early summer. Avoid repotting during dormancy or when the plant is stressed.
2. Select an appropriate pot and soil: Choose a pot that is only 1-2 inches larger in diameter than the current one, with drainage holes to prevent waterlogging. Use a well-draining potting mix designed for fiddle leaf figs or indoor plants.
3. Be gentle with the roots: When removing your plant from its old pot, carefully loosen the root ball and untangle any circling roots without causing excessive damage.
4. Water before and after repotting: Water your plant thoroughly a day before repotting to ensure the roots are hydrated. After repotting, water again to help the plant settle into its new pot and soil.
5. Gradually acclimate to sunlight: If your plant was previously in a low-light area, gradually introduce it to brighter indirect light over a few weeks to prevent sunburn.

After repotting, it’s essential to give your fiddle leaf fig some time to adjust to its new environment. New growth can be expected within a few weeks to a couple of months, depending on factors like light, temperature, and overall plant health.

During this time, closely monitor your plant for any signs of stress and maintain proper care to help it recover from transplant shock and resume healthy growth.

7. Nutrient Deficiencies

Fiddle leaf figs, like all plants, require essential nutrients to maintain their health and growth. These nutrients play a crucial role in various plant functions, such as photosynthesis, cell division, and root development.

Essential nutrients for fiddle leaf figs include:

1. Macronutrients: Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) are the primary macronutrients required by plants in larger quantities.
2. Secondary nutrients: Calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (S) are needed in smaller amounts but are still vital for plant growth.
3. Micronutrients: Iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), boron (B), molybdenum (Mo), and chlorine (Cl) are required in trace amounts for various plant processes.

Signs of nutrient deficiencies in fiddle leaf figs include:

1. Nitrogen deficiency: Yellowing leaves, especially at the bottom of the plant, and stunted growth
2. Phosphorus deficiency: Dark green leaves with purple or red veins, slow growth, and weak root development
3. Potassium deficiency: Leaf edges turning brown and curling, followed by leaf drop
4. Calcium deficiency: New leaves with distorted or irregular shapes and brown spots on older leaves
5. Magnesium deficiency: Interveinal chlorosis (yellowing between leaf veins) on older leaves, progressing to brown spots and leaf drop
6. Iron deficiency: Interveinal chlorosis on new leaves, eventually spreading to the entire leaf

To diagnose nutrient deficiencies, observe your plant’s symptoms and compare them to the signs mentioned above. It’s important to consider other factors, such as watering habits, light exposure, and pests, that could cause similar symptoms before concluding it’s a nutrient deficiency.

To provide the necessary nutrients to your fiddle leaf fig and prevent leaf drop, follow these steps:

1. Use a high-quality potting mix: Choose a well-draining potting mix with added nutrients, such as compost or slow-release fertilizers, to ensure your plant has access to essential nutrients.
2. Fertilize regularly: Apply a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer (such as a 10-10-10 or 20-20-20 formula) every 4-6 weeks during the growing season (spring and summer). Follow the label instructions for the correct dosage, and avoid over-fertilizing, which can cause nutrient imbalances and harm your plant.
3. Flush the soil periodically: Over time, salts from tap water and fertilizers can build up in the soil, leading to nutrient imbalances. Flush the soil with water every few months to remove excess salts and maintain a healthy environment for your plant.
4. Monitor and adjust pH levels: Fiddle leaf figs prefer slightly acidic to neutral soil (pH 6.0-7.0). Test your soil’s pH and adjust it if necessary using soil amendments like lime or sulfur.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the main reasons for fiddle leaf fig leaf drop include:

1. Underwatering: Insufficient water can lead to dehydration and leaf drop.
2. Inadequate light: Poor light exposure can cause weak growth and leaf drop.
3. Temperature and humidity: Fluctuations in temperature and humidity can stress your plant and result in leaf drop.
4. Pests and diseases: Infestations and infections can cause significant harm to your plant, leading to leaf drop.
5. Transplant shock: Stress during the repotting process can cause wilting and leaf drop.
6. Nutrient deficiencies: Lack of essential nutrients can lead to various symptoms, including leaf drop.

Proper care is crucial for maintaining a healthy fiddle leaf fig. This includes providing adequate water, light, temperature, and humidity, as well as addressing any pest, disease, or nutrient issues promptly.

By closely monitoring your plant and addressing any concerns as they arise, you can ensure your fiddle leaf fig thrives and remains a beautiful addition to your home.

Remember, plants can be resilient, and with the right care, they can bounce back from many challenges. Don’t be disheartened by leaf drop; instead, use it as an opportunity to learn more about your plant’s needs and how to help it flourish.

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